Bayan-Ölgii Province, Administrative division in western Mongolia
Bayan-Ölgii is a province in western Mongolia that spans mountainous terrain and borders Russia and China. The region sits at an elevation of around 1,710 meters on average, with mountain ranges defining most of its landscape.
The province was established as a separate administrative region in 1940 after Kazakh populations sought refuge in the area due to pressures from Russia. This founding marked a turning point for Kazakh settlement in Mongolia.
The province is predominantly Kazakh in population, making it the only Muslim-majority region in Mongolia with its own distinct traditions. This difference shows itself in language, customs, and the way people structure their daily lives.
The airport in the main town offers regular connections to the capital, making it the primary way to reach the province. Paved roads are limited, and access to neighboring countries depends on the season.
The region is home to about 80 percent of the world's eagle hunters, who practice traditional hunting methods in the Altai Mountains. This tradition runs deep in local culture and remains active today.
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