Jeitun, Neolithic archaeological site near Kopet-Dag mountains, Turkmenistan
Jeitun is a Neolithic settlement near the Kopet-Dag mountains with about 30 rectangular buildings made from sun-dried mud bricks and chopped straw. The houses feature large fireplaces and lime-plastered floors that provide clues about how residents lived day to day.
Excavations at the site began in the 1950s and revealed human occupation spanning from 7200 to 4500 BCE. This long period of settlement makes the place key to understanding early agricultural development in Central Asia.
The site shows evidence of early craftsmanship through clay figurines and decorated pottery that resemble work from other ancient farming communities in nearby regions. These objects suggest cultural connections between the first farmers across different areas.
Access to the site is limited and requires preparation and local permission, as the remains are partly underground. It is wise to visit with an experienced guide who can properly explain the archaeological features.
The site shows the oldest evidence of grain cultivation in Central Asia, with barley and two types of wheat grown using stone tools. This early farming differs distinctly from other known centers of agricultural invention worldwide.
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