Surkh Kotal

Surkh Kotal is an archaeological site on a plateau in northern Afghanistan where the remains of temples, structures, and decorative elements from the Kushan period are visible. The excavations reveal the foundations of ancient buildings as well as columns and capitals that blend Greek and local building styles.

The site was extensively excavated by French archaeologists between 1952 and 1966, uncovering temples, statues, and inscriptions of early Kushan emperors. These discoveries document an important chapter of ancient history when Hellenistic influence reached Central Asia.

The inscriptions here show the earliest use of the Bactrian language written in Greek letters, revealing records of ancient irrigation systems and royal decrees. These texts offer insight into daily life during the Kushan period and demonstrate how Greek and Eastern cultures intermingled.

The site lies in a remote region and requires prior arrangements for visits, especially given the current local conditions. Visitors should check the latest information about access and safety conditions in the area before planning a trip.

An architect named Palamedes designed parts of the complex with distinctive Indo-Corinthian capitals, blending Eastern and Western building techniques. This architectural mix shows how deeply the Kushan realm absorbed influences from both worlds.

GPS coordinates: 36.05046,68.56561

Latest update: December 8, 2025 20:00