Lapa Vermelha, Archaeological site in Lagoa Santa, Brazil.
Lapa Vermelha is an archaeological site in Lagoa Santa featuring caves and rock shelters in Minas Gerais state. Excavations have revealed stone tools, hearths, and human remains that document prolonged occupation over thousands of years.
French-Brazilian excavations between 1971 and 1976 transformed the site into one of the most important for understanding early human settlement in South America. The discoveries revealed occupation dating back roughly 23,000 years.
The site carries deep meaning for understanding human origins in the Americas, as the skeletal remains found here challenged previous theories about how people first arrived and settled the continent.
The site can be reached through Lagoa Santa municipality, which maintains basic infrastructure for visitors and research activities. Wear sturdy shoes and be prepared for uneven terrain, as the caves and rock formations require careful footing.
The excavation extends 13 meters (43 feet) below ground, revealing multiple geological layers with distinct artifacts and occupation phases. This depth allows researchers to trace how people lived and adapted over many centuries.
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