Gedong Songo, Hindu temple complex on Ungaran Mountain, Indonesia

Gedong Songo is a Hindu temple complex on Ungaran Mountain in Semarang, Indonesia, where several stone structures stand scattered between pine forests and open meadows at different elevations. Narrow stone paths connect the scattered shrines while sulfur springs are visible nearby, showing the volcanic nature of the surroundings.

The structures date from between 780 and 830 CE, when the Mataram Kingdom flourished in Central Java. They are among the earliest Hindu constructions on the island and were built using volcanic stone sourced from the mountain region.

The Javanese name Gedong Songo means "nine buildings," and the complex does contain nine temples, grouped into five gedong on the slopes of Mount Ungaran. The temples are dedicated to Shiva and Parvati; at Gedong Songo III a Shiva temple faces a Nandi shrine, with a Parvati shrine beside it. An inscription dated 1382 CE found in the complex shows the site was still in use in the 14th century.

Walking between the shrines takes several hours and follows uneven paths that can become slippery when wet. Visitors can also hire horses with guides to cover the distance between the individual buildings and focus on viewing instead.

The nine temples are split into five gedong, or groups: two on the hill's east side, two to the north and one to the west, all dedicated to Shiva and Parvati. An inscription dated 1382 CE found in the complex shows the shrines were still in use in the 14th century, long after their 8th- to 9th-century construction.