Gedong Songo

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Gedong Songo

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Gedong Songo, Hindu temple complex on Ungaran Mountain, Indonesia

Gedong Songo is a Hindu temple complex on Ungaran Mountain in Semarang, Indonesia, where several stone structures stand scattered between pine forests and open meadows at different elevations. Narrow stone paths connect the scattered shrines while sulfur springs are visible nearby, showing the volcanic nature of the surroundings.

The structures date from between 780 and 830 CE, when the Mataram Kingdom flourished in Central Java. They are among the earliest Hindu constructions on the island and were built using volcanic stone sourced from the mountain region.

The site carries a Javanese name meaning nine buildings, though visitors today can see eight temples scattered across the hillside. Local communities still maintain these places as sites of spiritual reverence, especially during traditional ceremonies that draw on ancient Hindu practices.

Walking between the shrines takes several hours and follows uneven paths that can become slippery when wet. Visitors can also hire horses with guides to cover the distance between the individual buildings and focus on viewing instead.

Thermal springs with sulfur water bubble up directly beside the temple walls and offer bathing opportunities for visitors after the walk. The water is valued for its therapeutic properties and draws people from across the region seeking relief.

Location: Semarang

GPS coordinates: -7.20847,110.34189

Latest update: December 5, 2025 22:22

Indonesian temples: Borobudur, Prambanan, Java

The Indonesian temples from the 8th to 14th centuries display Buddhist and Hindu architecture of the Mataram and Singhasari kingdoms. The stone structures carry reliefs, sculptures, and religious symbols depicting deities such as Shiva, Buddha, and Vishnu. The complexes are located mainly on Java and Bali, where rice fields and volcanoes shape the landscape. Borobudur near Magelang forms the largest Buddhist temple in the region with nine levels and 2,672 relief panels. Prambanan in Klaten rises with 157-foot (47-meter) towers as Java's most important Hindu sanctuary. The Gedong Songo temples near Semarang stand at 3,900 feet (1,200 meters) elevation between sulfur vents and volcanic cones. Gunung Kawi near Tampaksiring on Bali shows 33-foot (10-meter) rock-cut shrines from the 11th century. Sukuh and Ceto on the slopes of Lawu present unusual pyramid forms. Plaosan, Kalasan, and Sari near Yogyakarta combine Buddhist and Hindu elements. The Dieng temples document early Hindu architecture of the 8th century as the oldest surviving structures on Java.

Tourist sites of Java: ancient temples, active volcanoes, and traditional villages

The island of Java showcases an exceptional heritage blending spiritual traditions and natural wonders. The temples of Prambanan and Candi Mendut attest to the grandeur of 9th-century Hindu and Buddhist civilizations, while the Candi Sewu complex reveals sacred architecture organized according to mandala principles. Active volcanoes like Mount Bromo and Kawah Ijen offer striking landscapes, from the smoking crater dominating the black sand plain to turquoise lakes where miners still extract sulfur. Javanese cities combine tradition and modernity: Jakarta features the National Monument on Merdeka Square, Bandung houses the Geology Museum founded in 1928, and Malang surprises with Kampung Biru, whose houses are entirely painted blue. The Seribu Islands extend this diversity into the Java Sea with their coral reefs, while floating markets like in Lembang maintain age-old trading practices. This array of sites invites exploration of Indonesia’s deep spirit, between spirituality, volcanic nature, and human ingenuity.

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