Yumká, Nature reserve and zoological park in Villahermosa, Mexico.
Yumká is a 101-hectare ecological reserve in Villahermosa with two ecosystems: a terrestrial zone of jungle and savanna, and an aquatic zone formed by two lagoons. Its entrance has a steep thatched roof over orange-red pillars and grey stone steps. The reserve holds about 946 animals of some 80 species, plus roughly 250 plant types including orchids, ferns, bromeliads, cacao and banana.
The reserve began on 19 December 1987, when the 101 hectares were declared a protected natural area. The interpretation centre opened to the public on 23 May 1993 to promote conservation of Tabasco's species. Laura Elena Palacios Cordova directed it from 2000 to 2012; a state audit later estimated losses of 4.5 million pesos from unequal animal exchanges in that period.
The name Yumká means "sprite who takes care of the jungle and animals" in Maya. The Chontales believed firmly in a character who looked after plants and animals, called Yumká. The park's sections are named after ecosystems, and guides explain the Maya origin of the name during the jungle walk.
The jungle section is walked on foot with a guide along a trail, then a hanging bridge crosses part of the lagoon. The savanna is covered by train, with stops at the lagoon area and the club house, where boats are available. The climate is warm and humid, so light clothing and comfortable shoes help.
The park combines three completely different ecosystems—tropical forest, African savanna, and freshwater lagoons—that normally exist on separate continents. This unusual arrangement lets visitors explore multiple worlds in one place.
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