Vatican Library, National library in Vatican City.
The Vatican Library is a national library in Vatican City that houses one of the world's largest collections of manuscripts and printed books within the papal palace complex. Multiple interconnected halls, galleries and storage vaults extend across different levels, forming a network of archive rooms with long shelves and climate-controlled chambers.
Pope Nicholas V founded this collection in the 15th century when he acquired Byzantine manuscripts after the fall of Constantinople. Later pontiffs expanded the holdings through purchases and donations over the following centuries.
The name reflects the papal mission to gather and safeguard knowledge, a role this building has played since medieval times. Visitors can view some of the historic reading rooms where researchers from around the world still work and submit their requests.
Access is limited to scholars and researchers with prior authorization who must request their materials in advance. Consultation takes place in dedicated reading rooms under supervision from staff who can assist with searches.
Specialized workshops inside the building are devoted to restoring damaged manuscripts using both traditional and modern methods. These studios work on documents showing centuries-old damage from humidity, insects or human handling.
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The historic libraries and bookstores of Europe keep collections of books gathered over many centuries. The Livraria Bertrand in Lisbon has been in the same place since 1732, while the Bodleian Library in Oxford, founded in 1602, now holds more than 13 million books. In Porto, the Livraria Lello...
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