Siloam, Biblical pool and archaeological site in Silwan, Israel
Siloam consists of rock-cut pools outside the Old City walls, connected to the Gihon Spring through an underground tunnel. The complex shows steps on several sides that allowed access at changing water levels.
The pool was built during King Hezekiah's reign when Jerusalem protected its water supply by redirecting it through the Siloam tunnel. Coins from Alexander Jannaeus period help date later renovations to the site.
Pilgrims used the pool for ritual washing before beginning their steep climb to Temple Mount. The steps allowed access at different water levels, showing the practical nature of this religious site.
Excavations in 2023 uncovered additional sections near the King's Garden orchard that show further stepped areas. The site lies outside the Old City walls in Silwan and can be reached from the southern end of the city.
The underground tunnel ran for more than half a kilometer through solid rock to bring water secretly into the city. Workers dug from both ends simultaneously and met in the middle, a technical achievement for the time.
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