Chitradurga

Chitradurga is a town in Chitradurga district, Karnataka, built around a large stone fortification with seven circular walls. The fort extends over rugged hills, connecting temples, water tanks and watchtowers through narrow staircases and passages.

The Nayaka dynasty built the main fortifications during the 17th century on older structures from earlier rulers. Later conflicts with the Mysore Sultanate led to reinforcements of the outer defenses.

The name comes from 'Chitrakaldurga', meaning fort of the picturesque stone, after the rocky hills that support its defenses. Markets near the old gates sell spices and handwoven textiles that reflect local production methods.

The town sits along National Highway 48, about three hours by road from Bengaluru, with regular train connections from the station. Climbing up to the fort requires stairs and uneven paths, so sturdy shoes are advisable.

Nearby formations known as Pillow Lava are designated as a National Geological Monument, showing volcanic activity from millions of years ago. These structures are among the oldest preserved volcanic rocks in South Asia.