Umm al-Amad, Lebanon, Archaeological site in southern Lebanon
Umm al-Amad is a Hellenistic Phoenician site of over six hectares on a low hill near Naqoura, with two temples: the Temple of Milk‘ashtart and the Eastern Temple with its Throne Chapel. The temples date to between 287 and 222 BCE, and 23 Phoenician adoration steles were found there.
Umm al-Amad was built in the Persian or Hellenistic period; its two temples date to between 287 and 222 BCE. No Roman buildings were found, though Byzantine reoccupation left traces. Ernest Renan began excavating in 1861 but stopped when he found the remains were no older than the Hellenistic age. Maurice Dunand led work in 1943–1945.
The site's Arabic name, Umm al-Amad, means "Mother of Columns", after the column remains there; the ancient name Hammon survives in nearby Wadi Hamol and the village of Hamul. Finds include 23 Phoenician adoration steles showing upright figures, and a Phoenician sundial stone. Two stone seats of Astarte were found, one in the Throne Chapel of the Eastern Temple.
The site lies on a low hill on a rocky plain sloping toward the sea, next to Wadi Hamoul, just north of Naqoura. The municipality of Naqoura cleaned and arranged the site in 2015 to prepare it for visitors and researchers. The ground is uneven and parts of the excavations are exposed, so sturdy footwear helps.
Among the finds is a Phoenician sundial stone, one of the site's most noted objects. The site also yielded a 4.40-metre decorated lintel from the Eastern Temple's entrance, carved with a winged sun disc, uraei and figures holding staffs topped with stag heads and stars inside crescents.
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