Apamea on the Euphrates, Ancient Greek archaeological site near Euphrates River, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
Apamea on the Euphrates is an ancient city on the eastern bank of the river in Şanlıurfa Province, displaying architecture from the Hellenistic period. The remains spread across the landscape and reveal how a major trading settlement was organized and structured.
The city was founded in the 3rd century BC when Seleucus I Nicator established a new settlement to control trade routes along the Euphrates. It grew into a major center and played a role in the Seleucid expansion across Anatolia.
The city takes its name from Queen Apama, reflecting the Persian-Greek mixing that marked Seleucid settlements across Anatolia. Walking through the ruins, you sense how royal families shaped the identity and character of these frontier towns.
The site requires caution since portions of the ancient settlement are now submerged due to the Birecik Dam. Visitors should check ahead about which areas are accessible for exploration and wear sturdy footwear for the terrain.
The city worked together with the opposite settlement of Zeugma, forming a dual system that controlled both banks of the Euphrates. This strategic arrangement made the river crossing a vital point for merchants and military forces.
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