Captain Jack's Stronghold, Archaeological site in Lava Beds National Monument, California.
The natural volcanic rock formations at Captain Jack's Stronghold contain numerous caves, trenches, and defensive positions across the rugged terrain.
During the Modoc War of 1872-1873, Captain Jack led 50 Modoc warriors who defended this position against hundreds of U.S. Army soldiers.
The fortification represents the determination of Modoc people to protect their ancestral lands through strategic military planning and natural resource utilization.
Visitors can access the site through guided tours that explain military tactics while traversing the network of formations used during the resistance.
Natural lava tubes and rock crevices within the stronghold allowed Modoc warriors to move undetected between positions during the five-month siege.
Location: California
GPS coordinates: 41.82167,-121.50500
Latest update: May 11, 2025 21:34
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