Cerro Panizos

Cerro Panizos is a volcanic summit straddling the border between Argentina and Bolivia in Jujuy Province. The mountain reaches 5,267 meters and displays two calderas with multiple lava domes across its broad volcanic structure.

The volcano formed approximately ten million years ago as the Nazca Plate subducted beneath South America. This process created extensive ignimbrite deposits that blanket the surrounding landscape.

Ancient Inca road networks crossed over sections of Cerro Panizos, connecting various archaeological sites that remain preserved in the surrounding mountainous terrain.

Expect extreme temperature swings between day and night across this high-altitude, cold and dry zone with minimal rainfall. The exposed terrain offers little shelter, so wind and sun exposure require proper preparation.

The mountain features a 40-kilometer diameter ignimbrite shield surrounding a semicircle of lava domes, with minimal erosion creating formations similar to Martian landscapes.