Brandberg, Mountain range in Erongo Region, Namibia

Brandberg is a roughly circular granite massif about 26 by 21 km across, rising from the Namib gravel plains to the Königstein at 2,573 m. Its rim is a broken ring of ridges and cliffs, while the interior is cut by some 20 radial ravines such as the Tsisab, Ga'aseb and Numas. The granite is biotite-hornblende granite, and paler, smoother slopes border the base.

Reinhard Maack discovered the White Lady painting on 4 January 1918, during the descent after he, Ernst August Gries and Georg Schulze made the first recorded ascent of the Königstein on 2 January 1918. In February 1914 the surveyors Claus Burfeindt and Hans Carstensen had climbed what they took to be the summit, but their iron rod was found in 1955 on the Horn (2,519 m), the second-highest peak. The Tsisab Ravine holds more than 1,000 rock shelters and over 45,000 paintings.

The mountain is a spiritual site for San groups, and the Tsisab Ravine alone holds more than 1,000 rock shelters and over 45,000 paintings. The best-known panel, the White Lady, sits under a small overhang about a 40-minute walk from the ravine entrance. Harald Pager hand-copied hundreds of paintings from the upper gorges, published in the six-volume series Rock Paintings of the Upper Brandberg.

The White Lady painting in the Tsisab Ravine is reached on foot in about 40 minutes over rough terrain following old watercourses; the Ga'aseb valley gives the easiest, if steepest, route to the Königstein. There is no permanent water on the massif, and summer temperatures often exceed 40 °C. The nearest settlement is Uis, about 30 km away.

The name refers only to the glow of the reddish granite when the sun strikes it from the west; the Damara name Dâures means "burnt mountain", after land so bare it looks scorched. The Herero call it Omukuruvaro, "mountain of the Gods". In 1914 two survey soldiers, Burfeindt and Carstensen, believed they had reached the top, but the iron rod Burfeindt cemented on the Horn (2,519 m) showed in 1955 that they had climbed Namibia's second-highest summit, not the Königstein.