Caldeira de Kendeng, Volcanic caldera in East Java, Indonesia.

Caldeira de Kendeng is a volcanic depression in East Java spanning roughly 20 kilometers across. A steep escarpment forms the rim to the north and west, rising to about 1,559 meters above the surrounding area.

The caldera formed about 50,000 years ago from a major volcanic eruption that destroyed the older Ijen volcano. This eruption shaped the geological structure we see today.

Communities living within the caldera grow coffee and work with sulfur from Kawah Ijen as part of their daily routines. These activities shape how people use the volcanic landscape and its resources.

Exploring here requires professional guides and protective gear due to toxic gases and steep slopes throughout the area. Planning a visit means moving carefully and staying alert to conditions.

The caldera's acid river, the Banyupahit, carries water from Kawah Ijen's lake north through the caldera toward the Java Sea; downstream it is called Banyuputih, Javanese for "white water". Villages and coffee plots lie along its course between extinct cones.