Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests

The Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests stretch across multiple states along Mexico's Pacific coast and form an extensive woodland ecosystem with mixed conifer and oak stands. The terrain is mountainous with varied forest types depending on elevation, ranging from denser vegetation in lower areas to more open stands at higher altitudes.

The forest formation began millions of years ago when tectonic movements created the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range running parallel to the Pacific coast. This geological history continues to shape the landscape structure and conditions that support the woodland ecosystem today.

Indigenous communities in the region have harvested medicinal plants and managed forests sustainably for generations, practices that remain visible in how the land is used today. This relationship between people and the forest shapes the landscape and reflects deep local knowledge of the ecosystem.

Visitors can explore the forest through established trails in protected areas like Omiltemi State Ecological Park, where guided nature walks are available. Sturdy footwear and preparation for mountainous terrain are important since many paths cross steep or uneven ground.

The forest is home to around 160 bird species, including the short-crested coquette hummingbird found only in a small pocket of this ecosystem. This narrow geographic range makes this tiny bird a rare discovery for those watching birds.