National Building, Historic federal building in Federal Triangle, Washington DC, United States.
The National Building occupies an entire city block and features nine stories with a distinctive red brick exterior. At its center sits a large courtyard with tall columns, surrounded by research rooms, exhibition halls, and the McGowan Theater.
The building was completed in 1887 and originally served as the headquarters of the Pension Bureau, which provided support to Civil War veterans. This role ended in 1926, after which the structure transformed into a center for historical research and public education.
The building hosts exhibition spaces and the William G. McGowan Theater, where public lectures, films, and educational programs about American history take place. Visitors can engage with these events and see how the space functions as a gathering place for learning and discussion today.
The building has research rooms and exhibition halls open to visitors for viewing federal records and historical documents. Signage and information points help you navigate the large courtyard and locate different galleries.
The building uses its large central atrium as a natural ventilation system, with warm air rising and fresh air entering below. Clerestory windows at the top complement this innovative design and create a comfortable space without modern air conditioning.
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