Shipka Park-Museum, Memorial complex and military museum in Shipka Pass, Bulgaria.
Shipka Park-Museum is an open-air museum in the eastern part of the Shipka mountain, within the Shipka-Buzludzha National Park-Museum. It covers 120 hectares and contains 26 monuments, reconstructions of positions, batteries and dugouts. The central structure is the 31.5-metre Freedom Monument on the summit, a stone tower shaped as a truncated pyramid, built of dolomite and topped by an 8-metre bronze lion.
The site was built to commemorate battles in 1877 and 1878 when soldiers from two nations defended a strategically important mountain pass against a much larger force. These events proved decisive for regional liberation and remain seen as a turning point in the struggle for freedom.
Every year on 3 March and again in August, thousands of Bulgarians gather in the park-museum to honour the fallen and mark the victory that helped bring about the country's independence. The site is listed as No. 93 among the hundred national tourist sites of the Bulgarian Tourist Union.
The memorial stands on the summit of Mount Shipka, 22 km from both Kazanlak and Gabrovo, and buses run to it from both towns. A paved road leads up to the Monument of Freedom. The park covers 120 hectares, so allow time to walk between the batteries, trenches and obelisks.
The 31.5-metre Freedom Monument is built of dolomite and was funded by voluntary donations; Tsar Boris III personally opened it in 1934. Above the entrance sits a bronze lion 8 metres long and 4 metres high, and a marble sarcophagus on the ground floor holds the remains of 317 soldiers killed defending the pass.
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