Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Mountain massif in Lijiang, China
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain is a north-south massif in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Lijiang, Yunnan, 35 km long and 13 km wide. Its highest point, Shanzidou, rises to 5,596 m; a lower secondary peak sits west of it across a jagged saddle. Snow and grey rock cover the upper faces, cut by dark ridges and vertical gullies, while the lower slopes stay bare. The massif is built mainly of Devonian and Carboniferous carbonate rock over 3,000 m thick, partly metamorphosed into marble; Shanzidou itself is Carboniferous Yulong limestone.
The massif's highest peak, Shanzidou, was climbed only once, on 8 May 1987, by Americans Phil Peralta-Ramos and Eric Perlman, who rated the rock at YDS 5.7. In 1938 an expedition led by Australian mountaineer Marie Byles failed on the summit in bad weather. In 1988 the mountain was included in a national scenic area, and in 2007 it became a 5A-rated scenic area.
The Naxi call the massif Ngv'lv bbei jjuq and revere it as the abode of Sanduo, a protective deity. On the eighth day of the second lunar month, Naxi in Lijiang and abroad hold the Sanduo Festival; the Beiyue Temple north of Baisha village, which once received the Nanzhao king's offering, remains a main venue. Naxi myths pair the mountain with neighbouring Haba Snow Mountain as twin brothers.
Three cable car systems provide access to different elevation zones, reaching areas such as Glacier Park at 4,680 meters, meadows with spruce trees, and yak grazing areas. Shuttle buses connect these stations, making movement between zones straightforward.
The massif is the southernmost permanently snow-covered mountain in China and, by some accounts, in Eurasia. Its Naxi name, Ngv'lv bbei jjuq, means "silver mountain rock". The northwestern flank forms one side of Tiger Leaping Gorge, where the Jinsha River drops between Jade Dragon and Haba Snow Mountain.
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