Fortress ensemble of Mangup

The fortress complex extends across a 90-hectare plateau, rising 583 meters above sea level with defensive walls and towers protecting its perimeter.

The fortress served as the capital of the Principality of Theodoro until 1475, when Ottoman forces captured it during their conquest of Crimea.

The site contains over 60 artificial cave structures carved into the mountain, reflecting different architectural periods from early medieval times through the 18th century.

Two natural springs within the fortress walls provided water supply for the inhabitants throughout its centuries of continuous occupation.

The fortress incorporates Byzantine, Gothic, and Ottoman architectural elements, demonstrating its role as a crossroads between Eastern and Western civilizations.

Location: Crimea

GPS coordinates: 44.59306,33.80139

Latest update: March 3, 2025 16:54