Mangup, Cave city and archaeological site near Sevastopol, Crimea.
Mangup sits on a mountain plateau with four ridge-like promontories extending outward, surrounded by sheer limestone cliffs. The settlement contains numerous cave dwellings, churches, and fortification structures carved into the rock or built on the plateau's surface.
The site developed as a fortress and became the capital of the Principality of Theodoro in the 13th century. Ottoman forces captured it in 1475 after a long siege, bringing an end to its role as a major settlement.
The ruins show traces of different religious communities that once lived here together. Byzantine churches and structures reveal the role Eastern Orthodox faith played in daily life, alongside other faiths practiced by residents over centuries.
The hike from the village of Khodzha Sala takes about three hours round trip and involves steep terrain. Bring sturdy footwear, water, and sun protection, as much of the path lacks shade and can be demanding.
Inside one of the cave chambers called Baraban Koba, a stone pillar produces percussion sounds when struck. This unusual feature may have served as a signaling device or played a role in the rituals of earlier inhabitants.
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