Arrapha

The ancient settlement spreads beneath modern Kirkuk, with remnants of city walls and architectural structures dating back to the Bronze Age period.

During the Middle Assyrian Empire from 1365 to 1050 BC, Arrapha gained prominence after Assyrian forces defeated the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni.

Archaeological findings at the site reveal the presence of multiple civilizations, including Hurrians, Mitannians, Assyrians, Medians, and Persians through recovered artifacts.

The archaeological site remains largely unexplored due to its location under the present-day city of Kirkuk and regional security considerations.

The settlement contains an elevated citadel positioned on an ancient tell, suggesting continuous human occupation spanning more than 4000 years.

GPS coordinates: 35.45000,44.38333

Latest update: May 12, 2025 03:26