Kirkuk Citadel

Kirkuk Citadel is an ancient fortress that sits on a raised mound overlooking the Khasa River in the city. The structure is surrounded by thick defensive walls reinforced by numerous towers that once protected the settlement.

The fortress was established thousands of years ago and went through periods of control under different empires including the Assyrians, Seleucids, and Ottomans. Each ruling power left its mark through various alterations and additions to the defenses.

The fortification holds several religious sites that draw people from different faiths to visit and pray. You can find old churches and venerated places within its walls that remain meaningful to the local community.

The site can be accessed through two main gateways at different points along the perimeter. Before visiting, check local conditions and openings times, as regional security and political developments can affect accessibility.

The layout follows an unusual design where the number of defense towers matches the number of streets running through the settlement in a striking symmetrical pattern. This deliberate correspondence reveals sophisticated city planning that was uncommon in the ancient world.

Location: Kirkuk

Inception: 8 century BCE

GPS coordinates: 35.46972,44.39583

Latest update: December 8, 2025 19:55