Fort of Gragoatá, Portuguese fortress in Gragoatá, Niterói, Brazil
Fort of Gragoatá is a Portuguese fortress on a rocky headland at the end of the former São Domingos beach in Niterói, built to protect the entrance to Guanabara Bay. The structure consists of stone and earthen works equipped with cannons and defensive walls designed to repel naval attacks.
The original fortification was built in 1610, making it the second oldest fortress in Niterói, while additional gun batteries were added in 1696 under Governor Sebastião de Castro Caldas. These expansions reflected growing concerns about naval security in the bay.
The fort received official protection status in 1938, preserving its Portuguese colonial military design for future generations. Today, visitors can observe the original stonework and defensive features that shaped this coastal stronghold.
The fort remains under military control and can only be visited by arranging a guided tour with local authorities in Niterói beforehand. Plan your visit in advance to ensure access to the interior spaces and observation points.
During the Navy Revolt of 1893, a battalion of students defended the fort, leading President Floriano Peixoto to rename it Fort Academic Battalion. This episode links the structure to a significant period of political resistance in Brazilian history.
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