French Guiana, French overseas region in South America
French Guiana is an overseas department of France located in South America, sitting between Suriname and Brazil along the Atlantic coast. The interior is mostly rainforest, while the population concentrates along the coastal strip where towns and villages sit near river mouths and beaches.
France established its first permanent settlement in Cayenne in 1643, beginning the colonial presence in this part of South America. During the 19th century, the territory became a penal colony where thousands of convicts were sent, until the camps closed in the mid-20th century.
Markets and restaurants reflect the territory's mixed heritage, where Caribbean spices meet Asian dishes and French pastries sit side by side. Daily life often switches between French and Creole, and celebrations bring together Catholic festivals with traditions from Africa, Asia, and the indigenous peoples.
The entire region uses the euro and follows French administrative rules, including public services and infrastructure. Travelers should note that French is the official language, and the climate stays hot and humid year-round with frequent rainfall.
The European space center in Kourou launches rockets with greater efficiency thanks to its position near the equator. Launches are sometimes visible from the coast, drawing spectators who come to watch the carriers lift off into the sky.
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