Kazakhstan, Country in Central Asia.
This country stretches over 2,724,900 square kilometers through steppes, mountains, deserts, and forests, ranking as the ninth largest state globally. Its geographic location links Europe and Asia, with the western Ural region forming the European part and vast plains shaping the north and center, while mountain chains define the south and east.
Nomadic civilizations roamed this territory for millennia before Russian expansion started in the 18th century. The Soviet Union transformed the region into an agricultural and industrial province during the 20th century, until independence was declared on December 16, 1991, and a sovereign state with new political structures emerged.
Nomadic culture continues shaping ways of life through traditional yurts, horse breeding, and felt crafts. Festivals such as Nauryz in March bring families together and preserve old customs with music, games, and shared meals.
Astana serves as the government seat with modern administrative buildings, while Almaty functions as the economic and financial center. Visa requirements vary by nationality, with many countries enjoying exemptions, and the currency is the tenge with international airports in both major cities.
Baikonur Cosmodrome has operated space launches since 1957 and serves as the main facility for manned and unmanned missions, with Russia leasing it until 2050. Yuri Gagarin lifted off from here in 1961 as the first human in space, making this site a historic milestone in spaceflight that continues hosting regular international missions today.
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