Zhaozhou Bridge, Stone arch bridge in Hebei, China
The Zhaozhou Bridge extends 50 meters (164 feet) across the Xiao River and rests on a central arch flanked by four smaller openings on both sides. The stone construction measures 9.6 meters (31 feet) in width and reaches a height of 7.3 meters (24 feet) above the riverbed.
Master architect Li Chun completed the structure in 605 during the Sui Dynasty, introducing the earliest known example of an open-spandrel arch design. This technical innovation allowed the saving of material while increasing the resistance of the span against flooding.
The structure carries detailed stone carvings of dragons and mythological beings along its railings, showing traditional Chinese craftsmanship. These decorations link the function of the span with the spiritual beliefs of the region, which see dragons as protectors against flooding.
The crossing remains accessible to pedestrians and demonstrates its exceptional resistance to flooding even after more than a thousand years of use. Visitors can observe the stone surface and the side openings up close to understand the technical sophistication of the construction.
The four additional openings in the arches serve not only to reduce weight but also allow large amounts of water to flow through the structure during floods. This technical solution prevents the buildup of dangerous pressure on the foundations and explains the exceptional longevity of the construction.
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