Wanping Fortress, Ming Dynasty fortress in Fengtai District, Beijing, China

Wanping Fortress is a Ming military walled town in Fengtai, Beijing, measuring 640 m east–west and 320 m north–south, with brick-and-stone walls on six courses of stone blocks. Its two gates are the east Shunzhi Gate and the west Weiyan Gate, each with a gate tower and barbican. Inside, a single stone-paved street links the gates, lined with barracks and post-station buildings.

Wanping Fortress was begun in 1640 under the name Gongji Castle, built by order of the Chongzhen emperor and supervised by the eunuch Wu Jun of the Imperial Horse Administration; a silver tally found in the west gate in 1981 records his appointment. It served as a garrison town through the Ming and Qing, and in 1928 the Wanping county government moved in from Beijing, giving the fortress its present name. On 7 July 1937 Japanese troops shelled the town, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, and the county offices later moved to Changxindian.

The fortress was originally called Gongji City ("Arching Pole City"), a Ming military garrison town; it took the name Wanping in December 1928 when the county government moved in from Beijing's old city. The east gate was first named Shunzhi Gate and the west gate Yongchang Gate, era names of the Qing and the short-lived Shun dynasty. Inside, the rebuilt county yamen, Lubu post station and Gongji barracks line a stone-paved pedestrian street with reconstructed Ming-Qing shopfronts.

The site is accessible by Beijing Subway Line 16, exiting at Wanpingcheng station where clear signage guides visitors to the fortress entrances. The grounds are walkable year-round, though visiting in mild seasons offers more comfortable exploration.

The south wall preserves visible crater marks from grenades and shells that struck during the 1937 battles, serving as physical evidence of the intensity of fighting at that location. These scars remain clearly visible on the stonework today.