Lord Airey's Battery

Lord Airey's Battery is a military fortification within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve housing a 9.2-inch Mark X gun positioned at 418 meters elevation. The location overlooks the Mediterranean Sea and Strait of Gibraltar and was designed as part of Britain's defensive network protecting the territory.

Construction began in July 1890 and was completed in March 1891, initially equipped with a 6-inch breech loading gun mounted on a Vavasseur system. The gun was later upgraded to a 9.2-inch model to strengthen Gibraltar's defensive capabilities.

The fortification bears the name of General Sir Richard Airey, who served as Governor of Gibraltar from 1865 to 1870 after his Crimean War service.

Access is gained via O'Hara's Road leading into the Upper Rock Nature Reserve where the battery is located. Guided tours are available to explain the military role of this defensive position and help visitors understand the broader fortification system on the rock.

Adjacent to the battery stands a shelter that concealed a World War II observation post designed to monitor German activities if Gibraltar fell to enemy forces. This hidden element reveals the secret defensive preparations made during wartime to protect against invasion.