Basin and Range National Monument, Nature reserve in Nye County, Nevada.

Basin and Range National Monument is a protected area covering 704,000 acres with mountain chains, deep valleys, and desert landscapes. The terrain features alternating ridges and valleys that define the geological character of the Great Basin region.

Basin and Range National Monument was created by a proclamation issued by President Barack Obama on July 10, 2015, under the Antiquities Act. It was the second national monument designated in Nevada in less than eight months, after Tule Springs Fossil Beds in 2014. Senator Harry Reid and Representative Dina Titus had sponsored a bill to withdraw the area from mining before the executive action. The designation was seen as a setback for a proposed Caliente-to-Yucca Mountain rail route for nuclear waste.

Petroglyphs up to 4,000 years old survive at three main sites along the monument's edges: White River Narrows, Mount Irish and Shooting Gallery. Their designs show animals, hunters and abstract figures. At White River Narrows some panels are mixed with 18th- and early 19th-century pioneer signatures, and easy access from the paved road has also brought modern graffiti.

Visitors need high-clearance four-wheel-drive vehicles to navigate unpaved roads throughout the area. The remote desert setting requires bringing adequate water and supplies before entering.

Garden Valley contains an extensive land art installation called City that spans one and a half miles in length. This work by artist Michael Heizer integrates the desert landscape itself as part of the artistic composition.