Nanjing Library, Public library in Nanjing, China

Nanjing Library is a public library with three sites: the new main building at 189 Zhongshan East Road, opposite the Presidential Palace; the old building at 66 Chengxian Road; and the ancient books department at 9 Longpanli, on the former site of Xiyin Academy. The new building opened fully in 2007 and holds over 11 million items, including 1.6 million ancient books.

Nanjing Library traces its origin to the Jiangnan Library, founded in 1907 by Duanfang, Viceroy of Liangjiang, on the site of Xiyin Academy, with Miao Quansun as librarian. Renamed several times, it became the National Central Library on Chengxian Street in 1933 under Jiang Fucong, was moved to Chongqing in 1937 and returned in 1946. In 1950 it was renamed National Nanjing Library, merged with the Jiangsu Provincial Library of Chinese Studies in 1952, and took its present name in 1954.

The library's names trace its institutional history: founded as Jiangnan Library in 1907, renamed Library of Chinese Studies under National Central University in 1928, then Jiangsu Provincial Library of Chinese Studies in 1929, and National Central Library in 1933. Since 1985 it has run a reciprocal exchange with the State Library of Victoria in Australia, including staff visits and publication exchanges.

The main library is at 189 Zhongshan East Road, opposite the Presidential Palace, with the old building at 66 Chengxian Road and the rare-book department at 9 Longpanli. Daxinggong station on metro lines 2 and 3 serves the main building. The reading rooms open Tuesday to Sunday from 9:00 to 17:30, with an evening reading room on Tuesday to Friday until 21:00 except on public holidays.

The library holds 1.6 million ancient books, including 100,000 volumes of documents and Buddhist scriptures from the Tang to the Ming dynasty. In 1948 chief librarian Jiang Fucong took about 130,000 rare volumes to Taiwan; the collection's core came from the Rare Book Preservation Society of 1940–41.