Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge, Natural bridge formation in Cherrapunji, India
This structure spans 30 meters across a stream at 730 meters elevation, formed from intertwined roots of rubber fig trees. The two stacked levels create separate walkways that developed through natural root growth over decades. The roots were guided through hollow areca palm trunks to achieve the desired shape and direction as they thickened and strengthened.
Construction began approximately 200 years ago when Khasi villagers developed techniques to guide rubber tree roots through hollow trunks. The lower level formed first, followed by the upper structure several decades later as additional capacity became necessary. Records show the bridge was reinforced during the 20th century to handle increased foot traffic between growing settlements.
The Khasi and Jaintia communities use these living bridges as essential connections between villages during monsoon season, when conventional structures would be destroyed by floods. Maintenance occurs through collective efforts, with each generation passing knowledge of root growth and shaping methods to the next. These bridges represent a sustainable alternative to modern construction materials in a region with extreme rainfall.
Visitors must trek 3 kilometers from Tyrna village, descending numerous stairs through subtropical forest. The best time is November through February when trails are drier. Porters can be hired at the trailhead for luggage transport. Basic lodging and meals are available in nearby Nongriat village, and several other root bridges can be viewed during the trek.
The two-level arrangement allows up to 50 people to use the crossing simultaneously, with each level capable of supporting approximately 15 tons. The structure continues to grow stronger each year as new roots interweave with existing ones. Scientists have estimated that the bridge will increase in strength over the next 50 years, unlike artificial structures that deteriorate.
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