Karakum Desert, Sandy desert in Central Asia, Turkmenistan.
The Karakum is a sandy expanse in Turkmenistan that covers much of the country and consists of dune formations and hollows. Wind-shaped ridges rise up to 90 meters (295 feet) above flatter sections, while dry depressions shape the terrain.
Since ancient times, trade routes passed through this region, linking settlements between China and the Mediterranean. The paths shifted over centuries with access to water sources and changing political borders.
The name comes from Turkic words for black and sand, referring to dark minerals under the surface. Nomadic communities have moved their herds through seasonal routes here for centuries, adapting to the extreme conditions.
Travelers need off-road vehicles and experienced guides, as temperatures drop to -5°C (23°F) in winter and climb to 45°C (113°F) in summer. Bring sufficient water and plan for protection against sun and wind.
Within it, a gas crater about 70 meters (230 feet) wide has burned continuously since 1971, known locally as the Door to Hell. The fire started after a drilling site collapsed, releasing underground gas that has been burning ever since.
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