Yanesha Communal Reserve, Protected natural area in Oxapampa Province, Peru

Yanesha Communal Reserve covers 347.45 km2 in the Palcazu River basin, in the Palcazu District of Oxapampa Province, Pasco. Created by law on 28 April 1988, it protects wild fauna and the territory of the Yanesha people, who live within it. Its forests shelter red brocket deer, collared and white-lipped peccaries, nine-banded armadillo, agouti, Ateles and Lagothrix monkeys, and the Spix's guan.

Peru established this protected area in 1988 to safeguard both the natural environment and the indigenous communities within its boundaries. This action recognized the connection between traditional land management and the region's biological diversity.

The reserve lies in the territory of the Yanesha people, who live there and whose ancestral lands the reserve was created to reclaim, according to the reserve's stated aims. Its name comes from that people, and the area forms part of the Oxapampa-Asháninka-Yánesha Biosphere Reserve, declared by UNESCO in 2010.

Visitors can join guided walks led by community members who share knowledge about local wildlife in the area. Red brocket deer, monkeys, and many bird species live here and can be observed with trained guides.

The reserve was the first communal reserve created in Peru, established by law on 28 April 1988. In 2010 UNESCO made it part of the buffer zone of the Oxapampa-Asháninka-Yánesha Biosphere Reserve. Its 34,744.7 hectares protect the tributary basins of the Palcazú, where the Yanesha have lived since ancient times.