Dalhousie Springs, Artesian springs complex in Witjira National Park, South Australia.

Dalhousie Springs is a group of over 600 natural artesian springs in 12 major groups in Witjira National Park, on the western fringe of the Simpson Desert. The water comes from the Great Artesian Basin aquifer and reaches 38 to 43 degrees Celsius. The springs form a roughly rectangular clearing of pale sandy ground bounded by low green shrubs, with weathered wooden posts and wire at its edge.

The English name is disputed: some credit surveyor Christopher Giles, who in August 1893 recorded 'Edith Springs' after Edith Fergusson, who asked that it be changed to Dalhousie Springs after her father, the 1st Marquess of Dalhousie. Others name Richard Randall Knuckey or Albert T Woods. The springs were listed on the Register of the National Estate in 1980 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in August 2009.

The springs have been a gathering place for Indigenous communities for thousands of years, as shown by archaeological sites with stone tools and camp remains throughout the area. People continue to recognize and respect this connection when visiting today.

Dalhousie Springs lies in Witjira National Park, about 180 km northeast of Oodnadatta and 250 km southeast of Alice Springs, reached by unsealed roads that call for a four-wheel drive. A campground with a ranger and swimming spots sits by the springs. The springs are also the usual start for the eastward Simpson Desert crossing to Birdsville, roughly 600 km away in Queensland.

Three fish species exist only in these waters, having adapted to the specific mineral content and high temperatures found nowhere else. The Dalhousie catfish, hardyhead, and goby are remarkable examples of how life evolves in isolation within extreme environments.