Seal Island Historic District

Seal Island Historic District comprises St. George and St. Paul islands in the Bering Sea, protected as both an archaeological site and National Historic Landmark. The islands contain remains of settlements, churches, and buildings that reflect different periods of human activity in this remote region of Alaska.

Russian fur traders established the first settlements in 1786, beginning extensive seal hunting operations that continued until the United States purchased Alaska in 1867. After this transfer, commercial activities continued under American management with evolving policies about how to use and protect marine populations.

Russian Orthodox churches and community buildings throughout the islands show how Russian, Native Alaskan, and American traditions merged and shaped daily life. Walking through the settlements, visitors can see how these cultural layers remain visible in the way spaces are used and maintained.

The site is remote and accessible only by boat or airplane, requiring careful planning and proper gear for harsh weather conditions. Most areas require guided tours or special permission, and visitors should expect unpredictable weather and limited accommodation options.

The islands hosted the 1911 North Pacific Fur Seal Treaty, where four nations agreed to protect seal populations that were nearing extinction from hunting. This agreement represents one of the earliest examples of international wildlife protection, showing how commercial hunting had pushed populations to the brink of collapse.