Mainz, Capital city and university center in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Mainz is the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate and spreads along both banks of the Rhine, with a red sandstone cathedral and numerous medieval buildings in the center. The old town radiates from the cathedral, while newer districts climb gentle slopes that lead to vineyards and residential areas.
Romans founded Mogontiacum in 13 BCE as a military camp that grew into a major administrative center for the Germanic provinces. The city later developed into an influential archbishopric during the Middle Ages before being rebuilt in the 20th century after heavy bombing during World War Two.
Local vintners gather at the weekly market on Domplatz to sell regional produce, while wine taverns throughout the old town draw residents who come to taste Rheinhessen wines and share conversation. The Gutenberg Museum displays original printed materials and equipment from Johannes Gutenberg, who created mechanical movable type printing here in the 15th century.
Most central sights lie within walking distance of each other, and exploring the old town on foot offers the best way to navigate the narrow lanes and squares. The main train station connects directly to Frankfurt International Airport and provides regular services to major German and European destinations.
Some streets in the center still follow the path of Roman roads, with foundations occasionally uncovered during construction work. The ShUM Jewish heritage site includes the Judensand cemetery with gravestones dating from 1049, making it the second oldest Jewish burial ground in Europe.
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