England

England is a constitutional nation in the United Kingdom occupying the largest part of the island of Great Britain and bordering Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. Its coasts run along the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south, and the Irish Sea to the northwest.

The Norman Conquest of 1066 brought deep changes in language, administration, and society that continue to influence the present day. Later conflicts with Scotland, France, and Ireland shaped the borders and political structures that developed over centuries.

The country gave the English language its name, derived from the Angles who settled in the region during the early medieval period. Today locals speak different dialects and accents that vary strongly from region to region and often reflect local identity.

The different parts of the territory are connected by rail and bus lines, with London serving as the central transport hub. Travelers should note that weather can change quickly and rain showers are possible at any time, especially in the northern and western regions.

The oldest underground railway in the world opened in London in 1863 and first carried passengers in steam-powered trains through underground tunnels. Today eleven lines connect the capital and still show stations from the Victorian era with their characteristic tiles and arches.