Brunei, Islamic sultanate in northern Borneo, Southeast Asia
Brunei comprises two separate enclaves on the island of Borneo, mostly covered by dense rainforest and forming a narrow coastline along the South China Sea. The capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, sits in the northern enclave and functions as the administrative center and gateway to the rest of the sultanate.
The sultanate reached its greatest territorial reach in the early 16th century with lands on Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago, before European colonial powers took control of large portions from the 19th century onward. Full independence from Britain followed in 1984.
Islamic customs shape daily routines, with mosques serving as central gathering places and the sale of alcohol prohibited throughout the country. Kampong Ayer, a sprawling water village, preserves the traditional practice of building wooden homes on stilts above the river, connected by elevated walkways.
The tropical climate brings high humidity and regular rainfall throughout the year, so lightweight and breathable clothing works best. Bandar Seri Begawan serves as the main access point and starting base for travel into the surrounding regions.
The reigning Sultan simultaneously holds several ministerial posts, including those of Prime Minister, Finance Minister, and Defense Minister. A Legislative Council was reinstated in 2004 after more than two decades and now advises on select matters.
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