Guanlin, Historical temple complex in Luoyang, China
Guanlin is a Ming and Qing architectural complex in Luolong District, Luoyang, laid out on a north-south axis with a dance pavilion, gate, ceremonial gate, stone-lion path, and three main halls leading to a tomb mound. It covers over 180 mu, with more than 150 halls and rooms and some 800 ancient cypresses.
Guanlin marks the spot where, by tradition, Cao Cao buried Guan Yu's severed head with honors in 220 AD after Sun Quan sent it to Luoyang. A temple existed there by the Ming dynasty; the present complex was rebuilt in 1592, the 20th year of the Wanli era, and expanded under the Qing. In 1666 the Kangxi emperor granted it the title 'Lin', making it the only Guan temple besides Qufu's Konglin allowed that designation.
The name Guanlin ("Grove of Guan") was granted in 1666 under the Kangxi emperor, when the tomb was titled "Lin" like Confucius's Konglin in Qufu; it is the only Guan Yu temple allowed this designation. The gate's east wall bears the characters "Zhongyi" (loyalty) and the west wall "Renyong" (bravery). The Yimen gate holds a plaque in Empress Dowager Cixi's own hand, "Wei Yang Liu He", and a stele said to show Guan Yu's poem written in bamboo leaves.
The complex lies about 7 km south of Luoyang's old city in Guanlin town, Luolong district. Visitors enter through the gate on the south side of Guanlin Square, where the Qianqiujian opera tower stands, and follow the north–south axis past the gate, ceremonial gate, stone-lion path, halls and finally the tomb mound. The stone-lion path is the only one of its kind among Guan Yu temples.
The stele corridor holds 440 epitaphs and inscriptions from the Cao Wei period to the Republic, plus 82 rubbings, shown in the east wing since the Luoyang Ancient Art Museum opened here on 1 January 1981. The west wing displays 88 stone carvings from the Eastern Han to the Republic, 25 of them rated first-class national relics.
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