Dent de Crolles, Limestone mountain peak in Chartreuse Mountains, France
The Dent de Crolles is a 2,062 m limestone peak in the Chartreuse massif, 17 km northeast of Grenoble. Its summit sits at the southern end of a perched syncline tilted north, giving the mountain the look of a huge molar when seen from the south-southeast. The upper cliffs are Urgonian limestone; the lower slopes are marl.
The cave system beneath the summit plateau was first explored in detail during World War II by Pierre Chevalier, Fernand Petzl and Charles Petit-Didier. With equipment scarce, the team built its own gear and used single-rope technique with prusik and mechanical ascenders. Their explorations reached a depth of −658 m, making it the deepest known cave in the world from 1944 to 1953. Exploration has continued since 1946, and eighteen entrances were known as of 2023.
The name joins dent, French for tooth, to Crolles, the town below; the peak's profile from the south-southeast resembles a large molar. Crolles itself may come from a Latin root meaning to crumble, suggesting a zone of rockfall. Old state maps labelled the summit Petit Som, a name later kept for a secondary peak of the Grand Som.
The usual ascent starts from the Col du Coq road pass at 1,434 m and presents no difficulty for hikers; the Col des Ayes footpath at 1,538 m lies to the west. The summit plateau borders the Hauts de Chartreuse national nature reserve, where chamois are seen on the steep slopes above the treeline. The Dent de Crolles lies in the Chartreuse regional nature park, 17 km northeast of Grenoble.
The cave system beneath the summit plateau holds more than 60 km of passages and 18 entrances, from the Gouffre Bob Vouay at 2,015 m near the top down to the Grotte du Guiers Mort at 1,334 m. During World War II, Pierre Chevalier, Fernand Petzl and Charles Petit-Didier explored it with equipment they built themselves, and it was then the world's deepest cave at −658 m.
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