Dunhuang Yardang National Geopark, UNESCO Global Geopark in Dunhuang, China.
Dunhuang Yardang National Geopark lies about 180 km northwest of Dunhuang's town centre, near Yumen Pass in Gansu, and covers 398 square kilometres. Its yardangs, ridges of soft ground cut by wind and rain while harder rock survives, took shape over roughly 700,000 years and form the largest such field in China. Named rocks include Mongolian Bao, Camel, Stone Bird, Peacock and the Golden Lion Welcoming His Guests.
The yardangs took shape over roughly 700,000 years as wind and rain eroded soft ground while harder rock survived, producing China's largest yardang formations. The site was approved as a UNESCO national geopark in 2015, and it is a member of the Asia Pacific Geoparks Network and the Global Geoparks Network. A research project on growing tourism recommended rerouting tour routes and strengthening geotourism and science popularisation through inquiry-based learning and geointerpretation.
The park is also called Devil City (Mogui Cheng) in Chinese, a name that plays on the howling wind among the yardangs. Inside the Yardang Ghost Town stands Aisikexiaer Castle, whose name means "old city" in Uyghur. Visitors walk marked routes past rocks named for their shapes, such as the Golden Lion Welcoming His Guests.
Located approximately 180 kilometers northwest of Dunhuang town center, the area offers information panels, guided tours, and a geological museum for visitors. Best visiting times are spring and autumn, as extreme summer heat and winter cold can affect accessibility. Organized transport from Dunhuang is available, since public transportation options are limited. Adequate water and sun protection are essential for desert conditions, and tours typically last several hours.
Rock formations throughout the park display naturally shaped structures resembling specific objects, including the Mongolian Bao, Camel, Stone Bird, and Peacock formations. Some researchers have identified over 40 different recognizable shapes named after animals, buildings, and everyday objects. The wind patterns that created these shapes originate primarily from the northwest direction and have worked consistently over thousands of years.
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