Miran, Archaeological site in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, China

Miran is an archaeological site at the southeastern edge of the Taklamakan Desert containing remains of Buddhist temples, fortifications, and ancient settlements. The location encompasses multiple excavation areas that reveal the structure of an ancient oasis town.

The site originated during the Han Dynasty and remained inhabited through the Tang period, serving as a vital oasis town along the southern Silk Road route. This extended occupation reflects its importance as a trade and transport hub.

Miran's name survives in several forms: the Han annals call it Yuni, capital of Loulan, later records "Little Shanshan" and "Old Eastern Town", and Tang texts Qitun Cheng. Under Tibetan rule in the 8th and 9th centuries the area was known as Nop Chungu. The manuscripts found there, mostly on wood and paper in early Tibetan script, are among the oldest documents written in that alphabet.

Visiting the site requires special permits and involves traveling through desert terrain, so visitors should plan for specialized transportation from Ruoqiang County. It is advisable to check permit requirements in advance and prepare accordingly for the desert conditions.

Wall paintings in Buddhist temples display winged figures from the third century showing Roman artistic features, suggesting surprisingly far-reaching trade connections. These artistic elements document the exchange between distant civilizations along the Silk Road.