Oaxaca, State territory in southern Mexico
Oaxaca is a state in southern Mexico that stretches across mountainous regions, Pacific coastal plains, and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, divided into hundreds of municipalities. The landscape shifts between high sierras, deep valleys, pine forests, and dry plains, while the coast displays long beaches and lagoons.
Archaeological finds show that people here grew corn, beans, and squash thousands of years ago, which allowed the shift to permanent settlements. Later, large civilizations developed here, and their ruins and pyramids can still be seen today in different parts of the region.
Different ethnic groups live here and use their own languages in daily life, especially at markets and public gatherings where Zapotec and Mixtec are often heard. Traditional festivals and religious processions shape the rhythm of life in towns and villages throughout the year, often accompanied by handmade costumes and local music.
The main highway connects the largest cities and makes longer drives between centers possible, while smaller mountain towns sometimes require longer approaches. Air connections reduce travel time to remote areas, which is especially helpful when time is limited.
More than 400 communities elect their leaders according to ancient rules and gather their members for public discussions instead of holding formal elections. This form of self-governance still works today and shows how local traditions and modern administration can exist side by side.
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